For the third straight year, many families won't be able to reunite on China's biggest holiday
 More than two years have passed since China sealed off an entire city of more than 11 million people to curb the world's first Covid-19 outbreak.
But in many parts of the country, tough coronavirus restrictions are still making it difficult for people to travel just days before the biggest festival of the year.
Sunday marked the second anniversary of the start of the Wuhan lockdown — a drastic move that stunned the nation just two days before Lunar New Year.
China has long since recovered from the initial devastation wrought by the pandemic, while Beijing's uncompromising zero-Covid policy — which relies on mass testing, extensive quarantines and snap lockdowns — has enjoyed widespread public support.
But with the prospect of another Lunar New Year homecoming canceled, some people are growing frustrated.
Known as Spring Festival in China, Lunar New Year — which falls on February 1 this year — is the most important time for families to get together, likened by some to Christmas, Thanksgiving and New Years combined.
Every year, hundreds of millions of people who have left their hometowns to build a life in China's fast-growing cities pour into trains, buses and planes to reunite with their families — a weeks-long travel rush known as the largest annual human migration on Earth.
This year, China's Ministry of Transportation expects 1.18 billion trips to be made during the Lunar New Year travel season, a 35% increase from last year — but still much lower than the 3 billion trips taken in 2019 before the pandemic.
And across China, a growing list of local authorities are discouraging residents from traveling to curb the spread of the coronavirus — especially the highly transmissible Omicron variant.
Backlash over local restrictions
Last week, an official in the central province of Henan sparked an outcry after threatening to detain returning travelers.
In a viral video, Dong Hong, head of Dancheng county, was heard saying at a meeting that "anyone returning home from medium- or high-risk areas will be quarantined and then detained."
Amid a firestorm of criticism, Dong later said he was only referring to people who don't obey local prevention policies and "maliciously return home." But many questioned how the desire to reunite with one's family could be seen as malevolent.
"Is it wrong for a migrant worker who toils day and night, who lives far away from home, to return to his hometown and reunite with his family during his only few days of annual holiday?" asked a widely shared post on Weibo, China's Twitter-like platform. "We can all understand the severity of the (Covid) situation, and we can abide by the prevention and control rules, but we should also be able to fulfill our wishes to go home for the Lunar New Year."
As the backlash mounted, even state media weighed in. "It is only human nature to want to return home for reunions during the Spring Festival, so why is it malicious?" the Communist Party's official mouthpiece, People's Daily, said in a social media post Saturday.
In a commentary Friday, state broadcaster CCTV accused local authorities of "deliberately creating obstacles and difficulties for people to return home," adding that many were "ignoring the requirements of scientific epidemic prevention and control and adopting a one-size-fits-all approach."
To be able to board trains, flights, buses and pass highway checkpoints, travelers in China must hold a green health code on their phone — indicating they have not recently been in any areas with Covid infections. But local authorities often impose their own requirements, preventing people from returning or subjecting them to lengthy quarantine even if their health code is green.
Last week, a worker in the southern metropolis of Shenzhen was traveling on a homebound train to Guangxi province when local authorities in her hometown told her that upon arrival she must spend a week in hotel quarantine followed by a week of home isolation, according to Chinese state media.
Unwilling to spend the festival in isolation at a cost of 2,100 yuan (about $330) for hotel quarantine, the woman got off the train and bought a ticket for the next one back to Shenzhen.
China's Covid outbreaks
The stringent local restrictions partly stem from the tremendous political pressure for local authorities to prevent Covid flare-ups — often under the threat of harsh punishment should they fail. With the Lunar New Year and the Beijing Winter Olympics just around the corner, such pressure has only intensified.
In recent weeks, China has been grappling with a flurry of Covid outbreaks, from a Delta outbreak in the northwestern city of Xi'an to an Omicron outbreak in the northeastern port city of Tianjin. At one point, more than 20 million residents in three Chinese cities were under full lockdown, prevented from leaving their homes.
On Monday, Xi'an authorities announced the city is beginning to lift its lockdown, which had confined its 13 million residents to their homes for a month. The stringent measures had caused food shortages and denied medical care to critical patients, causing widespread anger among residents.
Beijing, scheduled to host the 2022 Winter Olympics from February 4, has reported 43 Covid cases since January 15. They include six Omicron infections — which authorities have blamed on mail from Canada — and a cluster of Delta cases in the southwestern district of Fengtai, which have spread to two nearby provinces. On Sunday, Fengtai launched a mass testing campaign, aiming to collect samples from its 2 million residents in one day.
The Chinese capital has advised residents against traveling home for the holiday, as have Shanghai and other big cities where a large part of the population come from the countryside or smaller cities.
In Dongguan, a southern manufacturing hub home to nearly 7 million migrant workers, the government said it would give 500 million yuan (about $80 million) to non-local employees who stay in the city for Lunar New Year, with each person receiving digital vouchers worth 500 yuan, state media reported.  Nectar Gan is China Reporter for CNN International in Hong Kong. She covers the changes taking place in China, and their impact on the world.  Steve George is the Director of CNN Digital Worldwide for the Asia-Pacific region, based in Hong Kong.   It was two years ago when Chinese authorities locked down Wuhan, sealing off the city of 11 million for 76 days. The lockdown signaled Beijing's fear that the rapidly spreading coronavirus was out of control. CNN's team on the ground mobilized to leave Wuhan ahead of the lockdown. Beijing correspondent David Culver takes a look back.  Dozens of Chinese officials have been punished over their response to devastating floods that killed hundreds last July, after a government investigation found authorities had under-reported deaths and deliberately withheld information.
 Jessie Yeung is a Digital Producer for CNN International in Hong Kong. She writes breaking news and features about the Asia-Pacific region.  Former NBC sportscaster Bob Costas, who has covered 12 Olympic Games as a host and commentator, did not hold back when discussing the challenges journalists will face during the Beijing Winter Olympics next month.
"The IOC deserves all of the disdain and disgust that comes their way for going back to China yet again," Costas said on CNN's "Reliable Sources" Sunday.
Costas referenced the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics and the 2015 Winter Games in Sochi, Russia as examples of the International Olympic Committee's seeming disregard for the prevalence of human rights abuses when selecting host nations. But now, there's a "greater understanding of everything that China represents," he said.
"They're shameless about this stuff," Costas said of the IOC.
Journalists will face a unique challenge during the Beijing games — balancing politics and sports, CNN's chief media correspondent Brian Stelter said, adding that there are many unknowns in terms of censorship and how free international journalists will be when it comes to reporting on events in and around the games.
There is a lot of money on the line — NBCUniversal has a $12 billion contract to broadcast the Olympics through 2023. And both NBC and ESPN announced recently they will not be sending their usual contingent of reporters and producers to the Games due to Covid concerns.
NBC previously announced it would include geopolitical context during its Beijing coverage, but that its focus will be on the athletes.
"We are going to be focusing on telling the stories of Team USA and covering the competition," Molly Solomon, executive producer and president of NBC Olympics Production, said during a presentation to reporters Wednesday.
"But the world, as we all know, is a really complicated place right now. And we understand that there's some difficult issues regarding the host nation."
Read more on CNN Business.
— From CNN's Ramishah Maruf Around Asia
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